How to Fix Windows Slow Startup

Computer starts up very slow? There are many factors can cause the slow start-up. if your computer take a very long time to start up, you can use the tricks below to tweak it and make it to start up faster.

Disable the unnecessary start-up items in system configuration utility.

Too many startup items will lead to more bootup times for windows. Actually, some of them are unnecessary to start up with windows. you need to disable them by the following steps.

• Press ALT + CTRL + DELETE keys together 

 

• Select Task Manager in the Menu

• Click the tab "Startup"

• Choose the unnecessary startup items and disable them

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Save Your Hard Disk Space.

We are getting our photos and videos everyday and we are store in computer hard or external hard drive every day/week/month. sometime we copy same photo or video to different folders but we don't know that file is already exist  our hard. so we lost lot of our hard drive space.

So I found a free software for this. that is the AntiTwin 

"Anti-Twin is a small software application which compares files, i.e. it searches for duplicate or similar files on your hard disk drive. All similar or identical files that were found can either be sent to the recycle bin or directly deleted. This will increase the hard disk space on your computer.

Select the option “Compare file content” to compare the entire binary content of the files. This means that the file names are irrelevant. Here, the basic principle is: “Name is but sound and smoke - size matters! And never lose sight of the inner values.”

Anti-Twin is an excellent application to e.g. find and delete duplicate MP3 files in a download folder or to find similar images. Apart from that, Anti-Twin helps you clean up employees' chaotic file repositories in company networks, e.g. by searching for unnecessary file copies and redundant data back-ups."    -  (Anti_Twin Software Explanation is Copied by Anti_Twin Website)

 Download this Software - Click Me

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Networking Tutorials (Part 2 - Categories of Network )

Categories of Network:

Network can be divided in to two main

categories:

• Peer-to-peer.
• Server – based.

In peer-to-peer networking there are no dedicated servers or hierarchy

among the computers. All of the computers are equal and therefore known

as peers. Normally each computer serves as Client/Server and there is no

one assigned to be an administrator responsible for the entire network.

Peer-to-peer networks are good choices for needs of small organizations

where the users are allocated in the same general area, security is not an

issue and the organization and the network will have limited growth within

the foreseeable future.

The term Client/server refers to the concept of sharing the work involved in processing data between the client

computer and the most powerful server computer.

The client/server network is the most efficient way to provide:

·    Databases and management of applications such as Spreadsheets, Accounting, Communications and

·    Document management.

·    Network management.

·    Centralized file storage.

The client/server model is basically an implementation of distributed or cooperative processing. At the heart of the model is the concept of splitting application functions between a client and a server processor. The division of labor between the different processors enables the application designer to place an application function on the processor that is most appropriate for that function. This lets the software designer optimize the use of processors--providing the greatest possible return on investment for the hardware.

Client/server application design also lets the application provider mask the actual location of application function. The user often does not know where a specific operation is executing. The entire function may execute in either the PC or server, or the function may be split between them. This masking of application function locations enables system implementers to upgrade portions of a system over time with a minimum disruption of application operations, while protecting the investment in existing hardware and software.

The OSI Model:

Open System Interconnection (OSI) reference model has become an International standard and serves as a guide for networking. This model is the best known and most widely used guide to describe networking environments. Vendors design network products based on the specifications of the OSI model. It provides a description

of how network hardware and software work together in a layered fashion to make communications possible. It also helps with trouble shooting by providing a frame of

reference that describes how components are supposed to function.

There are seven to get familiar with and these are the physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and the application layer.

• Physical Layer, is just that the physical parts of the network such as wires, cables, and there media along

• with the length. Also this layer takes note of the electrical signals that transmit data throughout system.

• Data Link Layer, this layer is where we actually assign meaning to the electrical signals in the network. The

• layer also determines the size and format of data sent to printers, and other devices. Also I don't want to

• forget that these are also called nodes in the network. Another thing to consider in this layer is will also allow

• and define the error detection and correction schemes that insure data was sent and received.

• Network Layer, this layer provides the definition for the connection of two dissimilar networks.

• Transport Layer, this layer allows data to be broken into smaller packages for data to be distributed and

• addressed to other nodes (workstations).

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Java Tutorial Part 1 ( Introduction )

About Java

“Java refers to a number of computer software products and specifications from Sun Microsystems
(the Java™ technology) that together provide a system for developing and deploying cross-platform
applications. Java is used in a wide variety of computing platforms spanning from embedded devices
and mobile phones on the low end to enterprise servers and super computers on the high end. Java
is fairly ubiquitous in mobile phones, Web servers and enterprise applications, and somewhat less
common in desktop applications, though users may have come across Java applets when browsing
the Web.

Writing in the Java programming language is the primary way to produce code that will be deployed
as Java bytecode, though there are compilers available for other languages such as JavaScript,
Python and Ruby, and a native Java scripting language called Groovy. Java syntax borrows heavily
from C and C++ but it eliminates certain low-level constructs such as pointers and has a very simple
memory model where every object is allocated on the heap and all variables of object types are
references. Memory management is handled through integrated automatic garbage collection
performed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM).”

OOP – Object Oriented Programming

OOP is a particular style of programming which involves a particular way of designing solutions to
particular problems. Most modern programming languages, including Java, support this paradigm.
When speaking about OOP one has to mention:

• Inheritance
• Modularity
• Polymorphism
• Encapsulation (binding code and its data)

However at this point it is too early to try to fully understand these concepts.

This guide is divided into two major sections, the first section is an introduction to the language and
illustrates various examples of code while the second part goes into more detail.

The Java Development Kit – JDK

In order to get started in Java programming, one needs to get a recent copy of the Java JDK. This can
be obtained for free by downloading it from the Sun Microsystems website, http://java.sun.com/
Once you download and install this JDK you are ready to get started. You need a text editor as well
and Microsoft’s Notepad (standard with all Windows versions) suits fine.

My first Java program
Open your text editor and type the following lines of code:

Save the file as Example1.java2
. The name of the program has to be similar to the filename.
Programs are called classes. Please note that Java is case-sensitive. You cannot name a file
“Example.java” and then in the program you write “public class example”. It is good practice to
insert comments at the start of a program to help you as a programmer understand quickly what the
particular program is all about. This is done by typing “/*” at the start of the comment and “*/”
when you finish. The predicted output of this program is:

My first Java program

In order to get the above output we have to first compile the program and then execute the
compiled class. The applications required for this job are available as part of the JDK:

• javac.exe – compiles the program 
• java.exe – the interpreter used to execute the compiled program

In order to compile and execute the program we need to switch to the command prompt. On
windows systems this can be done by clicking Start>Run>cmd
At this point one needs some basic DOS commands in order to get to the directory (folder), where
the java class resides:

• cd\ (change directory)
• cd\[folder name] to get to the required folder/directory

When you get to the required destination you need to type the following:

c:\[folder name]\javac Example1.java

The above command will compile the java file and prompt the user with any errors. If the
compilation is successful a new file containing the bytecode is generated: Example1.class
To execute the program, we invoke the interpreter by typing:

c:\[folder name]\java Example1

The result will be displayed in the DOS window.

Using an IDE

Some of you might already be frustrated by this point. However there is still hope as one can forget
about the command prompt and use an IDE (integrated development environment) to work with
Java programming. There are a number of IDE’s present, all of them are fine but perhaps some are
easier to work with than others. It depends on the user’s level of programming and tastes! The
following is a list of some of the IDE’s available:

• BlueJ – www.bluej.org (freeware)
• NetBeans – www.netbeans.org (freeware/open-source)
• JCreator – www.jcreator.com (freeware version available, pro version purchase required)
• Eclipse – www.eclipse.org (freeware/open-source)
• IntelliJ IDEA – www.jetbrains.com (trial/purchase required)
• JBuilder – www.borland.com (trial/purchase required)

Beginners might enjoy BlueJ and then move onto other IDE’s like JCreator, NetBeans, etc. Again it’s just a matter of the user’s tastes and software development area.

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Networking Tutorials (Part 1 - What is a computer Network? )

What is a computer Network?

A network is any collection of independent computers that communicate with one another over a shared network medium. A computer network is a collection of two or more connected computers. When these computers are joined in a network, people can share files and peripherals such as modems, printers, tape backup drives, or CD-ROM drives. When networks at multiple locations are connected using services available from phone companies, people can send e-mail, share links to the global Internet, or conduct video conferences in real time with other remote users. When a network becomes open sourced it can be managed properly with online collaboration software. As companies rely on applications like electronic mail and database management for core business operations, computer networking becomes increasingly more important.

Every network includes:

• ·        At least two computers Server or Client workstation.
•           Networking Interface Card's (NIC)
•           A connection medium, usually a wire or cable, although wireless communication     between networked computers and peripherals is also possible.
•            Network Operating system software, such as Microsoft Windows NT or 2000, Novell NetWare, Unix and Linux.

Types of Networks:

LANs (Local Area Networks)

A network is any collection of independent computers that communicate with one another over a shared network medium. LANs are networks usually confined to a geographic area, such as a single building or a college campus. LANs can be small, linking as few as three computers, but often link hundreds of computers used by thousands of people. The development of standard networking protocols and media has resulted in worldwide proliferation of LANs throughout business and educational organizations.

WANs (Wide Area Networks)

Wide area networking combines multiple LANs that are geographically separate. This is accomplished by connecting the different LANs using services such as dedicated leased phone lines, dial-up phone lines (both synchronous and asynchronous), satellite links, and data packet carrier services. Wide area networking can be as simple as a modem and remote access server for employees to dial into, or it can be as complex as hundreds of branch offices globally linked using special routing protocols and filters to minimize the expense of sending data sent over vast distances.

Internet

The Internet is a system of linked networks that are worldwide in scope and facilitate data communication services such as remote login, file transfer, electronic mail, the World Wide Web and newsgroups. With the meteoric rise in demand for connectivity, the Internet has become a communications highway for millions of users. The Internet was initially restricted to military and academic institutions, but now it is a full-fledged conduit for any and all forms of information and commerce. Internet websites now provide personal, educational, political and economic resources to every corner of the planet.

Intranet

With the advancements made in browser-based software for the Internet, many private organizations are implementing intranets. An intranet is a private network utilizing Internet-type tools, but available only within that organization. For large organizations, an intranet provides an easy access mode to corporate information for employees.

MANs (Metropolitan area Networks)

The refers to a network of computers with in a City.

VPN (Virtual Private Network)

VPN uses a technique known as tunneling to transfer data securely on the Internet to a remote access server on your workplace network. Using a VPN helps you save money by using the public Internet instead of making long–distance phone calls to connect securely with your private network. There are two ways to create a VPN connection, by dialing an Internet service provider (ISP), or connecting directly to Internet.

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