Categories of Network:
Network can be divided in to
two main
categories:
- Peer-to-peer.
- Server – based.
In
peer-to-peer networking there are no dedicated servers or hierarchy
among
the computers. All of the computers are equal and therefore known
as
peers. Normally each computer serves as Client/Server and there is no
one
assigned to be an administrator responsible for the entire network.
Peer-to-peer
networks are good choices for needs of small organizations
where
the users are allocated in the same general area, security is not an
issue
and the organization and the network will have limited growth within
the foreseeable future.
The
term Client/server refers to the concept of sharing the work involved in
processing data between the client
computer
and the most powerful server computer.
The client/server network is
the most efficient way to provide:
·
Databases and management of applications such
as Spreadsheets, Accounting, Communications and
·
Document management.
·
Network management.
·
Centralized file storage.
The
client/server model is basically an implementation of distributed or
cooperative processing. At the heart of the model is the concept of splitting
application functions between a client and a server processor. The division of
labor between the different processors enables the application designer to
place an application function on the processor that is most appropriate for
that function. This lets the software designer optimize the use of
processors--providing the greatest possible return on investment for the
hardware.
Client/server
application design also lets the application provider mask the actual location
of application function. The user often does not know where a specific
operation is executing. The entire function may execute in either the PC or server,
or the function may be split between them. This masking of application function
locations enables system implementers to upgrade portions of a system over time
with a minimum disruption of application operations, while protecting the
investment in existing hardware and software.
The OSI Model:
Open
System Interconnection (OSI) reference model has become an International
standard and serves as a guide for networking. This model is the best known and
most widely used guide to describe networking environments. Vendors design
network products based on the specifications of the OSI model. It provides a
description
of
how network hardware and software work together in a layered fashion to make
communications possible. It also helps with trouble shooting by providing a
frame of
reference
that describes how components are supposed to function.
There
are seven to get familiar with and these are the physical layer, data link
layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and
the application layer.
• Physical Layer, is just that the physical parts of the network such as wires, cables, and there media along
• with the length. Also this layer takes note of the electrical signals that transmit data throughout system.
• Data Link Layer, this layer is where we actually assign meaning to the electrical signals in the network. The
• layer also determines the size and format of data sent to printers, and other devices. Also I don't want to
• forget that these are also called nodes in the network. Another thing to consider in this layer is will also allow
• and define the error detection and correction schemes that insure data was sent and received.
• Network Layer, this layer provides the definition for the connection of two dissimilar networks.
• Transport Layer, this layer allows data to be broken into smaller packages for data to be distributed and
• addressed to other nodes (workstations).
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